How vaccinations can keep you well in winter

Vaccinations are one of the most important ways to protect your health and the health of the people around you. In winter, that mainly means seasonal vaccines against illnesses such as flu, which spread more easily when people spend more time indoors together.

Winter vaccinations

Two vaccines are particularly important in winter: flu and COVID-19. Both viruses change over time, and can be particularly dangerous in cold weather.

Even if you have been vaccinated before, a new vaccine each year helps protect you. The NHS explains that protection from the flu vaccine goes down over time and the vaccine is updated each year to match the types of flu expected to circulate. You can still catch flu after having it, but it is likely to be milder and not last as long.

Some people may also be eligible for other vaccines, such as the RSV vaccine for older adults and during pregnancy, and the pneumococcal vaccine, which protects against some types of pneumonia. Your GP practice or pharmacist can tell you which ones you can have.

Who is most vulnerable in winter?

Some people are more at risk of becoming seriously ill from winter infections. The groups offered a free NHS flu vaccine give a good idea of who they are.

• People aged 65 and over.
• Adults with certain long-term health conditions.
• Pregnant women.
• People living in care homes.
• Carers, and people who live with someone whose immune system is weakened.
• Frontline health and social care workers.
• Children in eligible age groups, who usually have a nasal spray vaccine.

Eligibility for each vaccine can change from year to year, so check the current NHS guidance or ask your GP practice or pharmacy.

Other ways to protect your health in winter

Vaccination works best alongside other simple steps.

• Keep your home warm, especially the rooms you spend most time in.
• Check that smoke and carbon monoxide alarms are working and that gas appliances have been serviced.
• Wear warm layers when you go out, and take care on icy paths.
• Keep a supply of your regular prescription medicines and some food in case of bad weather.
• Wash your hands regularly and stay at home if you are unwell to avoid passing infections on.
• Check in on older or vulnerable family, friends and neighbours.

It is also a good time to look after other aspects of your health, such as searching for a hearing test near me through a site such as https://www.imperialhearing.com/audiologist-near-me/.

Frequently asked questions

Can I have the flu and COVID-19 vaccines at the same time?

Yes. The NHS says you can have the flu vaccine at the same time as other vaccines, such as the COVID-19 and shingles vaccines. Many people who are eligible for both are offered them at the same appointment. Ask the person giving the vaccine if you have any concerns about having them together.

When is the best time to have a winter vaccine?

The flu vaccine is offered every year in autumn or winter, and it usually takes up to 14 days to work, so it makes sense to have it once it is offered to you rather than waiting until flu is already spreading. Your GP practice or pharmacy will tell you when it is available for your group, as start dates can differ between groups.

Where to go next

If you are booking a hearing check, our guide to what audiologists check before a hearing test explains what to expect.

Many people are more vulnerable to illness in winter. Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to avoid catching or spreading these viruses and to make any illness milder.